This book “ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY” is a very sincere attempt to arouse the interest of the students in Industrial Chemistry. This book is written in easily understandable and easy language so that the students can grasp the contents that they read. This book is intended as a theory book for students appearing in M.Sc. and B.Sc. (Hons.) courses.
The salient features of this book are –
* It is based on the prescribed syllabus for the B.Sc. (Hons.) and M.Sc. students of all India universities.
* It provides basics of theory in Industrial changes and environment.
* It gives concise and pointwise information on the subject matter.
* It includes different set of questions at the end of each chapter.
Contents –
1. STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHERE AND WATER POLLUTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION – 1.1.1 Segments of Environment – 1.2 ECOLOGY – 1.2.1 Ecosystem – 1.2.2 Structure of Ecosystem – 1.2.3 Biotic components – 1.2.4 Abiotic Components – 1.3 ATMOSPHERE – 1.3.1 Distribution of temperature in the Earth’s atmosphere – 1.3.2 Heat budget of Earth atmospheric system – 1.3.3 Vertical Stability of atmosphere – 1.3.4 Atmospheric stability – 1.4 BIOGEOLOGICAL CYCLES – 1.4.1 The Carbon Cycle – 1.5 NITROGEN CYCLE – 1.6 PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE – 1.7 THE SULPHUR CYCLE – 1.8 THE OXYGEN CYCLE – 1.9 BIODISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS – 1.10 HYDROSPHERE – 1.10.1 Water Resources – 1.10.2 Chemical Composition of Water bodies – 1.11 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE – 1.12 SOURCES AND NATURE OF WATER POLLUTANTS – 1.12.1 Causes and sources of water pollution – 1.13WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS – 1.14 DIFFERENT PARAMETERS IN DOMESTIC WASTE WATER (HENZE AND LEDIN, 2001) 1.15 PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS FOR DOMESTIC WATER – 1.15.1 Techniques for measuring water pollution – 1.15.1.1 ANALYTICAL METHODS – 1.16IMPACT OF WATER POLLUTION ON HYDROLOGICAL AND ECOSYTEMS – 1.17 TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION – 1.18 WATER PURIFICATION METHOD – 1.19 WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION – 1.19.1 Removal of hardness of water – 1.19.2 Applications of ion exchange method – 1.19.3 Advantages of ion exchange process – 1.19.4 Disadvantages of ion exchange process – 1.19.5 Difference between zeolite process and ion exchange process – 1.20 DESALINATION – 1.20.1 Desalination technologies – 1.21 DISINFECTION – 1.21.1 Breakpoint Chlorination – 1.21.2 Types of chlorination – 1.21.3 Dechlorination – 1.22 OZONISATION – 1.23 DISINFECTION OF WATER BY CHLORINE DIOXIDE (ClO2) – 1.24 DISINFECTION OF WATER USING UV RADIATION – 1.25 SLUDGE DISPOSAL – 1.25.1Systematic procedure in the sludge treatment and disposal for municipal and industrial waste – 1.26 DEWATERING PROCESS – 1.27 TREATMENT OF WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES – 1.28 TREATMENT OF WATER FOR DOMESTIC USES – QUESTION SECTION
2. SOIL AND AIR POLLUTION
2.1 SOIL – 2.1.1 Inorganic Components – 2.1.2 Organic component of soil (About 5%) – 2.1.3 Water and Air in soil – 2.2 SOIL PROFILE SHOWING SOIL HORIZONS WITH INCREASING DEPTH FROM SURFACE – 2.3 MICRONUTRIENTS OF SOIL – 2.4 MACRONUTRIENTS IN SOIL – 2.5 SOIL POLLUTION – 2.6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE(Particles, ions and radical and their formation) – 2.6.1 Chemical and Photochemical reactions in atmosphere – 2.7 AIR POLLUTION – 2.7.1 Air pollutants – 2.7.2 Control procedures of different pollutants – 2.8 PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG (ITS CONSTITUENT AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY) – 2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OZONE – 2.10 GREEN HOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING – 2.11 ACID AIN – 2.12EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND VEGETATION – 2.12.1 Effect of air pollution on living organisms – 2.12.2 Effect of air pollution on Aquatic life – 2.12.3 Effect of Air pollution on vegetation – 2.12.4 Effect of air pollution on Materials – 2.13 ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR MEASURING AIR POLLUTANTS – 2.14 CONTINUOUS MONITORING INSTRUMENTS – QUESTION SECTION
3. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
3.0 INTRODUCTION – 3.1 POLLUTION BY CEMENT FACTORIES – 3.2 POLLUTION BY SUGAR INDUSTRY – 3.3 POLLUTION BY DISTILLERIES – 3.4 POLLUTION BY PULP AND PAPER MILLS – 3.5 POLLUTION BY THERMAL POWER PLANTS – 3.6 NUCLEAR POLLUTION – 3.6.1 Environmental Pollution by Nuclear Plant – 3.6.2 Effects of Nuclear pollution – 3.7 RADIONUCLIDE ANALYSIS – 3.8 POLLUTION FROM POLYMER INDUSTRY – 3.9 POLLUTION BY DRUG INDUSTRIES – 3.10 DISPOSAL OF WASTE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT – 3.10.1 Methods of waste disposal and their management – QUESTION SECTION
4. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY – 4.1.1 Toxic Chemicals in Air – 4.1.2 Toxic Elements in Water – 4.2 BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES – 4.3 CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS – 4.4 BIODEGRADABILITY – 4.4.1 Biodegradable polymers and Non biodegradable polymer – 4.4.2 Biodegradable Waste – 4.4.3 Harmful effects of biodegradable wastes – 4.4.4 Use and application of Biodegradable wastes – 4.5 PRINCIPLES OF DECOMPOSITION – QUESTION SECTION
