A sound understanding of human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology forms the foundation of pharmaceutical education and healthcare practice. Knowledge of the structure and functions of the human body, along with the mechanisms underlying disease processes, enables pharmacy students to develop a scientific approach toward patient care, medication use, and therapeutic decision-making.
This practical record book, Human Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology I (Practical), has been specially designed for the students of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm.) First Semester in accordance with the NEP 2020 curriculum. The book aims to provide practical exposure to the basic concepts of human body organisation, normal physiological functions, and pathological alterations associated with disease conditions.
The primary objective of this practical course is to strengthen students’ understanding of anatomical structures and physiological processes through laboratory-based learning and observation. The practical exercises included in this book are intended to develop essential skills in the identification of anatomical features, study of physiological parameters, interpretation of experimental findings, and understanding of pathological changes relevant to pharmaceutical sciences.
The contents have been systematically arranged to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical application through experimental procedures, observational studies, diagrammatic representation, data recording, and analytical interpretation. These activities are designed to promote scientific thinking, critical analysis, accuracy, and professional competence among students.
Special emphasis has been placed on presenting the subject matter in a clear, structured, and learner-friendly format to support effective understanding and practical learning. It is hoped that this book will serve as a valuable academic resource for B. Pharm students and contribute to building a strong foundation in human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology essential for future pharmaceutical and healthcare practice.
Contents –
1. Study of Compound Microscope
2. Microscopic Study of Epithelial and Connective Tissue
3. Microscopic Study of Muscular and Nervous Tissue
4. Identification of Axial Bones
5. Identification of Appendicular Bones
6. Introduction to Haemocytometry
7. Demonstration of Total Blood Count by Cell Analyser
8. Enumeration and Interpretation of White Blood Cell (WBC) Count and Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC)
9. Enumeration and Interpretation of Total Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) Count
10. Determination of Bleeding Time (BT) and Clotting Time (CT)
11. Estimation and Interpretation of Haemoglobin Content
12. Determination of Blood Group
13. Determination and Interpretation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
14. Determination of Pulse Rate, Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
15. Recording and Interpretation of Electrocardiogram (ECG)
16. To Study the Cardiovascular System and Integumentary System
17. Case Studies of Patients with Anaemia, Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Leprosy, Gout, Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease
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