Nanoscience and nanotechnology have rapidly emerged as transformative areas of modern scientific research, offering immense potential in addressing global challenges in energy, environment, healthcare, and materials development. Among the wide range of nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles occupy a central role due to their remarkable structural, optical, and catalytic properties, which differ significantly from their bulk counterparts.
This book, “Synthesis of Nanoparticles”, has been designed as a Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) for B.Sc. Chemistry students (Semester III). It aims to provide learners with a comprehensive understanding of both the fundamental principles and practical aspects of nanomaterial synthesis and characterization. The content has been carefully structured to bridge theoretical concepts with hands-on laboratory experience, thereby equipping students with essential skills that are highly relevant to both research and industry.
The emphasis of this course lies not only in the preparation and analysis of nanoparticles but also in developing an awareness of their applications, benefits, and potential environmental and safety concerns. Students are encouraged to explore how nanotechnology can be harnessed for innovative solutions in fields ranging from environmental remediation to healthcare and sustainable energy. At the same time, the importance of responsible handling practices and critical evaluation of the societal impact of nanomaterials has been integrated into the curriculum.
This book is intended to serve as a practical guide and an academic companion for undergraduate students, helping them to develop both competence and confidence in working with nanomaterials. It is our sincere hope that this course will inspire students to pursue further studies and research in the fascinating and rapidly growing field of nanoscience, and to contribute meaningfully to the advancement of science and technology in society.
Contents –
Unit I Preparations
Practical 1
To prepare ZnO nanoparticles using sol-gel method
Practical 2
To remove methylene blue dye using ZnO nanoparticles
Practical 3
To study the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light
Practical 4
To study the effect of particle size on optical properties of ZnO NPs
Practical 5
To encapsulate TiO2 nanoparticles within a chitosan biopolymer matrix and study their stability
Unit II Analysis
Practical 1
To analyse the weight loss of ZnO nanoparticles as a function of temperature and determine their thermal stability using TGA data.
Practical 2
To determine the size of ZnO NPs using Debye-Scherrer formula using XRD data
Practical 3
To identify the ZnO crystal structures of materials using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra.
Practical 4
To compare the UV absorption of regular sunscreen and nano-based sunscreen using a UV lamp.
Practical 5
To study the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light.
Unit III Surveys
Practical 1
To study different synthesis methods for nanoparticles and compare their efficiency and application
Practical 2
To find the toxicity, environmental impact, and safe handling practices for ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles
Practical 3
To study the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery: Advantages and medical applications
Practical 4
To study the use of nanoparticles in solar cells: Role, types, and challenges
To investigate how nanoparticles are used in improving the efficiency of solar cells
Practical 5
To explore the role of ZnO & TiO2 nanoparticles in cosmetics and personal care products.